{"id":25006,"date":"2015-09-22T08:49:58","date_gmt":"2015-09-22T12:49:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/soil-cells-at-blackheath-hill-14-year-review\/"},"modified":"2024-03-21T15:31:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-21T15:31:50","slug":"soil-cells-at-blackheath-hill-14-year-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/na\/soil-cells-at-blackheath-hill-14-year-review\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil Cells at Blackheath Hill | 14 Year Review"},"content":{"rendered":"

This project was\u00a0planted in 2001 as one of the first installations in the world utilizing\u00a0the commercial use of\u00a0soil support cells for tree root growth.\u00a0The international\u00a0engineering group involved in the design improvements to this major roadway\u00a0had identified a planting location, but realized that without proper provision below ground, the tree would become an expensive failure. Recognizing GreenBlue’s work in the research of urban tree planting and soil support technology, the consulting specifier designed a tree pit incorporating GreenBlue’s world-renowned\u00a0ArborSystem<\/a>\u00a0tree planting system – including\u00a0soil support cells<\/a>\u00a0to offer uncompacted\u00a0soil volume\u00a0for root growth,\u00a0tree pit\u00a0irrigation\/aeration<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0provide\u00a0the vital nutrients every tree needs, and\u00a0root management<\/a>\u00a0to direct roots away from paved surfaces\u00a0& utilities and into intended rooting zone.<\/p>\n

Although this\u00a0tree pit was of a limited size (16 feet long by 3.5 feet wide by 3.5 feet deep)\u00a0allowing only 5 cubic meters of rooting medium, it has been\u00a0an excellent demonstration of successful tree planting strategies, showing growth from 16-18 cm girth to approximately 60 cm girth by\u00a0May of 2010.<\/p>\n

The planting location was\u00a012 feet from the nearest building, and the surface around the tree was\u00a0continuous pavement with\u00a0RootRain\u00a0Precinct\u2122<\/a>\u00a0irrigation\/aeration inlets set into the granite paving stone\u00a0surround. The new tree pit was created as part of a pavement realignment and refurbishment project.<\/div>\n

The concept here was to provide a high quality tree pit, limited in volume due to the close proximity of buildings, but capable of taking vehicular traffic as the tree pit is adjacent to\u00a0one of the busiest routes into the city. It was imperative therefore that the soil cell system could cope with the potential of regular\u00a0delivery\u00a0vehicle and emergency services overrun.<\/p>\n

Having been directed downwards to an appropriate level below the paved surface, the roots grow into the load bearing soil cells. The cells are intended in this instance to provide for the complete life of the tree, principally to limit the trees ultimate size, because of space constraints, and also to protect utilities and services surrounding the tree pit area.<\/p>\n

This type of tree pit is designed for constricted space applications where it is not possible to provide large volume ‘complete life’ soil cell structures due to lack of space.<\/p>\n

Tree\u00a0Pit Details & Installation Methodology<\/h3>\n

The outer perimeter of the tree pit was\u00a0lined with\u00a0RootStop<\/a>\u00a0high density root barrier. The purpose of this is to contain roots within intended\u00a0zone, preventing roots from further spreading laterally but allowing them to spread in depth.<\/p>\n

\"95-196-1600x900\"
\nReRoot linear\u00a0ribbed\u00a0root barrier lines the root ball to direct roots downward and outward, preventing colonization immediately under pavement
\n<\/em>RootStop is used around the perimeter of the pit to prevent lateral root spread outside of the designated zone<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Within that perimeter, the load bearing soil cells are placed on two sides of the tree and filled with a sandy loam topsoil mix.<\/p>\n

ReRoot root barrier is then laid around the root ball area (shown above). This high density root diverting product has integral ribs to prevent root spiraling and train roots to greater depths, thus preventing pavement heave from surface roots. The perimeter root barrier, also visible in the above photo, was trimmed down to finish just above the soil level in the cells.<\/p>\n

Irrigation and aeration vents are placed above the soil cells to provide ventilation. The inlet pipes can be seen in the above photo awaiting trimming to suit paving levels.<\/p>\n

Compaction at the base of the tree pit is critical, as is drainage. In this instance, the tree pit was free drainage so no additional drainage was required apart from a 4″ (100 mm) layer of free drainage aggregate.<\/p>\n

Once the soil cells\u00a0were installed, they were backfilled with topsoil in layers, and a compacting plate was used to consolidate the cell structure, vibrating the soil into the cells to eliminate voids. The soil cells were then overlaid with a geotextile to provide separation from the subsequent layers of road stone required to build up to finished surface paving level.<\/p>\n

Inspection Methodology<\/h3>\n
\n

Tree was assessed visually, new shoot extension, color, girth, measured and height calculated. The team then selected five sample leaves from different aspects of the canopy and these were removed for leaf chlorophyll fluorescence. The five leaves were tested to arrive at a mean average to offer a good overall measure of the tree’s health and vitality.<\/p>\n

Barcham Trees, a UK-based tree research company, have been pioneering the use of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence testing in their nursery. Over time they have been building up a large database of results taken from nursery grown samples, with the goal of establishing benchmarks for different species. This means that readings from trees in urban locations can be compared with trees in a nursery situation to offer an insight into the impact of stresses, often unknown, on the trees health and vigor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"Blackheath-2002\"
\n2002: Newly\u00a0planted tree with paving works complete<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\"Blackheath-2005\"
\n2005: Tree establishing well, despite weeds indicating a possible lack of appropriate maintenance<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\"Blackheath-2013\"
\n<\/em>2013: Tree has reduced 50% by pruning the previous winter<\/em>
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Results<\/h3>\n

Initial visual results were apparent and very positive, as substantiated in\u00a0above photos. The tree appears healthy and vigorous with excellent new shoot extension. In the 2013 review, 12\u00a0years after planting, the tree had attained a height of 10.8 meters (even after severe crown reduction for maintenance) and a trunk diameter at 1.5 m above ground of 23 cm DBH\u00a0(72 cm girth).\u00a0The leaf chlorophyll fluorescence mean average reading result was 0.823 – indicating that the tree is in good health and not under any significant latent stress.<\/p>\n

Close assessment of the surface surrounding the planting location confirmed that there was no pavement deflection\u00a0evident at the site attributable to surface root heave.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n

The trees studied in this location appear to be growing very well and by assessment show excellent vigor and health, despite\u00a0the challenging urban environment. While\u00a014\u00a0years in not a large percentage of a trees potential life span, it is encouraging to see that this tree is already bringing significant environmental benefits to the area.<\/p>\n

It is also noteworthy that the shallow root deflection technique\u00a0designed into this tree pit has been effective, as the tree flourished\u00a0without any damage to the paved surface – which is so commonly seen in many urban tree plantings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This project was\u00a0planted in 2001 as one of the first installations in the world utilizing\u00a0the commercial use of\u00a0soil support cells for tree root growth.\u00a0The international\u00a0engineering group involved in the design improvements to this major roadway\u00a0had identified a planting location, but realized that without proper provision below ground, the tree would become an expensive failure. Recognizing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3409,"featured_media":18651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[368,372],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainable-development-na","category-urban-trees-arboriculture-na"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSoil Cells at Blackheath Hill | 14 Year Review - GreenBlue Urban<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This 2001 project is one of the first installations in the world utilizing the commercially available use of soil cells for tree root growth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/na\/soil-cells-at-blackheath-hill-14-year-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soil Cells at Blackheath Hill | 14 Year Review - 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