{"id":25080,"date":"2015-04-02T15:49:07","date_gmt":"2015-04-02T19:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/trees-in-hardscape-structural-stability-vs-rootable-soil\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T09:45:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T09:45:38","slug":"trees-in-hardscape-structural-stability-vs-rootable-soil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/na\/trees-in-hardscape-structural-stability-vs-rootable-soil\/","title":{"rendered":"Trees in Hardscape: Structural Stability vs Rootable Soil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Soil structure is fundamental for the planting of trees, as well as the stability of roads, buildings, and other infrastructure. It refers to two things:<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
    \n
  1. the arrangement of soil particles including silt, sand, and clay\u00a0that aggregate together<\/li>\n
  2. the void pore spaces between\u00a0these aggregate particles<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    In this article, we discuss why appropriate soil structure is critical to healthy tree establishment, and what landscape architects and other\u00a0specifiers can do to ensure newly planted urban trees receive the conditions they need to thrive,\u00a0so they can provide\u00a0the many benefits that mature trees offer.<\/p>\n

    Why We Need Soil Structure<\/h2>\n

    Not every soil is conducive to the growth of trees and other plants, urban soils least of all. Tree growth and fertility are strongly influenced by soil structure, as it defines whether the tree will have rootable soil available and\u00a0affects the movement of air, water, and other nutrients required for trees to flourish.<\/p>\n

    Effectively the ‘architecture of the soil’, soil is usually the most critical element for the success or failure of urban trees. A well structured soil functions like a reservoir, enabling the tree to accept, store, and transmit water and nutrients, provide room in which roots can propagate,\u00a0and allow the space required for life and the\u00a0necessary\u00a0biochemical exchanges for growth.<\/p>\n

    Trees & Compacted Soil<\/h2>\n

    Too often, trees are planted in cramped planting pits and poor subsoil, resulting in retarded\u00a0growth, with roots tending to colonize the area immediately underneath paved surfaces, leading to structural pavement damage.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Root colonization immediately underneath\u00a0the paving stone roadway causing pavement damage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    There are different types of roots associated with tree establishment. Anchor roots function\u00a0as a structural element to the tree and\u00a0hold the tree in place in the soil.<\/p>\n

    Fibrous roots (or feeder roots) are roots that intake nutrients, and typically grow in the top 6″ of the soil. They can be directed lower to avoid damage to paved surfaces, if appropriate irrigation and aeration are ensuring the required nutrients are reaching lower levels.\u00a0This “feeder zone” can extend between two and seven times the diameter of the canopy drip line.<\/p>\n

    The feeder zone of any tree must be protected from compaction in order to ensure root establishment.<\/p>\n


    \n“Resistance to root penetration due to soil compaction will affect
    \nroot establishment and the\u00a0ultimate\u00a0health of the tree<\/em><\/strong>“<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Tree roots are opportunistic and seek out favorable growing conditions.\u00a0Moisture and air trapped between impermeable pavements and compacted soil\u00a0attracts nutrient-starved\u00a0roots to grow into those areas. The resulting colonization of those roots causes subsequent pavement heave and infrastructure damage.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    These trees died prematurely due to unavailable rooting volume caused by soil compaction<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    So how can urban trees be adequately provided for in their city settings,\u00a0without compromising or damaging the structural integrity of paved surfaces? The answer is\u00a0structural soil cells<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    How Soil Cells\u00a0Work<\/h2>\n

    As we discussed in last week’s article, urban soil\u00a0rarely provides the favorable environment trees need to grow<\/a> and flourish. Hard compaction, lack of aeration, poor drainage, low nutrient levels, and the existence of pollutants in soil stunt\u00a0root growth and make it nearly\u00a0impossible for urban trees to thrive. Landscape architects, arborists, engineers, and other specifiers have the availability of strong soil support\u00a0systems that, while conducive to root growth, also offer\u00a0adequate support for roads and sidewalks.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    The concept behind soil cells was first developed by GreenBlue in 1992, when our UK branch installed the first tree pit using\u00a0soil cells to provide uncompacted soil volume for root growth underneath a paved surround.<\/p>\n

    Suitable for parking lots and sidewalks, soil cells prevent the topsoil in tree pits from becoming compacted by the pressure of surrounding hardscapes, amongst\u00a0other things. They allow trees in urban settings to have large, healthy root systems, thriving in quality uncompacted soil.<\/p>\n

    These modular units are assembled into a skeletal\u00a0framework (or matrix) with\u00a0over 90% void space to provide large volumes of soil within the tree pit for the healthy growth of roots\u00a0– all while also\u00a0supporting pavement loads.<\/p>\n

    Designed to highly advanced engineering specifications in order to support heavy vertical and lateral loads, StrataCells bring tree root systems closer to the pavement surface. Engineers have calculated that with only 12″ (300mm) of granular pavement depth, a StrataCell matrix can support maximum traffic loads, while providing over 94% of void space for root growth.<\/p>\n

    With both vertical and lateral forces considered in the engineering make-up of tree pits,\u00a0soil cell modules lock together, forming a monolithic framework with excellent modular strength. Highly secure connectors allow for modules to click together fast and simply<\/a>, while it’s enormous growth zone allows for plenteous root establishment.<\/p>\n

    Structural Integrity of\u00a0Soil Cells<\/h2>\n

    GreenBlue soil cells are crush tested during manufacturing as part of our\u00a0rigorous quality control standards. Whilst FEA (Finite Element Analysis) computer load testing was also conducted during the initial design stages to project the loading capacity laterally and vertically, physical laboratory tests were then used to clarify the cells actual loading capabilities.<\/p>\n

    This physical load testing is part of an ongoing development and research program, and is the only true measure of structural integrity. GreenBlue soil cells are\u00a0made using 100% recycled polypropylene, and have\u00a0the highest structural integrity of any large soil cell.<\/p>\n

    Fatigue Testing<\/h4>\n

    As manufacturer of the world\u2019s strongest soil cell, GreenBlue has subjected our soil cells to extraordinary laboratory tests, including fatigue testing. In one test, a university applied a load of 8.6 tonnes to a StrataCell\u00ae tower 10,000 times. The tower was then crushed to measure whether the ultimate load had been diminished by the cyclic loading. The high strength modules had lost no strength, verifying the design of this remarkable system.
    \nIn closing, our streets do not have to be a battle between trees and pavement. They can coexist\u00a0together, if specifiers and professionals consider the site conditions and provide an\u00a0appropriate soil structure to suit both tree planting and infrastructure construction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Soil structure is fundamental for the planting of trees, as well as the stability of roads, buildings, and other infrastructure. It refers to two things: the arrangement of soil particles including silt, sand, and clay\u00a0that aggregate together the void pore spaces between\u00a0these aggregate particles In this article, we discuss why appropriate soil structure is critical […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3409,"featured_media":25081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[374,375],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design-construction-na","category-soil-structure-na"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTrees in Hardscape: Structural Stability vs Rootable Soil - GreenBlue Urban<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How can we give urban trees adequate soil structure so they can mature, without compromising or damaging the structural integrity of paved surfaces?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/greenblue.com\/na\/trees-in-hardscape-structural-stability-vs-rootable-soil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trees in Hardscape: Structural Stability vs Rootable Soil - 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